Gravity Fundamental force of the universe. All objects have gravity, pulling other objects towards them.

Gyre System of ocean currents which circle a central point and can cover thousands of miles.

Hajj Pilgrimage to the Muslim holy city of Mecca, a religious requirement for every Muslim.

Hieroglyphs Writing system which uses pictures to represent sounds or entire words.

Hinduism Religion based around gods, religious texts and cultural traditions, which originated in India.

Historian Studies history in all its forms, from the beginnings of civilisation to the present day.

Holocaust Mass killing of 11 million people, including 6 million Jews, by the Nazis during World War II.

Human rights Belief that humans have fundamental rights to certain things, such as freedom of religion and the right to an education.

Indigenous People or organisms native to a particular region, often used when discussing the arrival of another group.

Industrial Revolution Period of rapid industrial development. In particular the Industrial Revolution of Europe in the 1700s and 1800s.

Insects Arthropods with six legs, three body-parts and usually wings as well, such as beetles.

Inventor Designs machines and other gadgets to solve problems and improve lives.

Islam Religion based on the visions and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.

Judaism A religion based on the Hebrew Bible and the first to develop monotheism.

Mammals Group of animals with backbones which produce milk and mostly give birth to live young.

Mesoamerica Region in Mexico and Central America where ancient civilisations developed.

Mesopotamia Lush region in the Middle East where powerful ancient empires developed.

Migration The movement of large groups of people or animals from one place to another.

Monotheism Belief in only one god.

Mummy Dead body of a human or animal that has been preserved either accidentally or on purpose.

Musket A long gun that was used, particularly in war, before rifles were invented.

Muslim A follower of Islam.

Nazism German political movement beginning in the 1920s and led by Adolf Hitler.

Necropolis A large cemetery, especially an ancient one. Means “city of the dead” in Ancient Greek. Neurons Cells which form the nervous systems of most animals and transmit information signals around the body.

Neuroscientist Studies the nervous system, in particular the brain.

New World North and South America, continents unknown to Europeans, Africans and Asians until the 1400s.

Nomad Moves around regularly rather than settling in a single place permanently.

Nuclear (physics) Relating to the nucleus at the centre of atoms.

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